I
I/G
Individual/Group
I/O
An abbreviation for input/output.
I2C BUS
See Inter-integrated Circuit bus.
I750®
Name of the programmable video processor family from Intel.
IAB
See Internet Activities Board
IAC
Interpret as Command
IAE
In any event
IANA
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
IANAL
I Am Not A Lawyer, also IANA__, such as CPA
IBM 3174
A 3270 series cluster controller, introduced in 1987, that can support Category A coaxially-connected devices (in CUT mode or DFT mode, single and multiplexed) and/or Token-Ring devices.
IBM 3270
IBM terminals that include models 3278, 3279, 3178 and the 3287 host-addressable printer.
IBM 3274
A 3270 series cluster controller, that can support Category A coaxially-connected devices (in CUT mode or DFT mode, single and multiplexed).
IBM 37XX FRONT END PROCESSOR
A 3270 series IBM front-end processor that includes the 3705, 3720, 3725 and 3745 models. With its associated software, ACF/NCP, the 37XX controls the operation of a number of attached communication lines, which may be operating in a variety of modes and under a variety of protocols. The 3705 is no longer manufactured, but is often used as a non-specific reference for compatible communications.
IBM LAN DISTANCE CONNECTION SERVER
The IBM product that provides security and routing capabilities to allow remote workstations to access LAN resources.
IBM LAN DISTANCE REMOTE
The IBM product that provides security and remote LAN access for individual workstations to other workstations and LANs.
IBM TOKEN RING LAN
A local area network access mechanism and topology in which a supervisory frame or token is passed from station to station in sequential order. To gain access to the network, stations must wait for the token to arrive before transmitting data. In a token ring, the next logical station receiving the token is the next physical station on the ring. Token ring networks can operate at 10Mbps and support both synchronous (real-time video) and asynchronous (real-time control) classes of service. Lack of collisions and subsequent recovery allow this type of network to perform at consistent transfer speeds independent of traffic volume. However, as more stations request the token, it takes longer for each station to get its turn.
ICC
Inspection Control Computer.
ICE
Insane Creators Enterprise
ICL
IC part number prefix indicating Intersil, Inc.
ICMP
See Internet Control Message Protocol.
ICP
Internet Control Protocol
IDE
See Integrated Drive Electronics.
IDI
See Initial Domain Indicator.
IDMA CONTROLLER
Independent Direct Memory Access. A component of the system integration block (SIB) for the serial interface card. While in dedicated mode, the IDMA controller generates interrupt acknowledge signals without external logic.
IDP
See Internetwork Datagram Protocol.
IEC
International Electrotechnical Commission, located in Geneva, Switzerland. Also see Inter Exchange Carrier.
IEC 34-1
Rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Rating and performance.
IEC 34-14
Rotating electrical machines - Part 14: Mechanical vibration of certain machines with shaft height 56mm and higher - Measurement, evaluation, and limits of the vibration severity.
IEC 34-4
Rotating electrical machines - Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests.
IEC 34-5
Rotating electrical machines - Part 5: Classification of degree of protection provided by enclosures of rotating electrical machines (IP Code); Part 6: Methods of cooling )IC Code).
IEC 34-7
Rotating electrical machines - Part 7: Classification of types of construction and mounting arrangements (IM Code).
IEC 50
International Electrical Vocabulary.
IEC 72-1
Dimensions and output series for rotating electrical machines - Part 1: Frame number 56 to 400 and flange numbers 55 to 1080.
IEC 85
Thermal evaluation and classification of electrical insulation.
IEEE
See Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers.
IEEE 1284
Parallel Printer Port Standard, released in 1994, that has led to an incredible improvement in parallel port data transfer rates.
IEEE 446
IEEE standard called Emergency and Standby Power provides a specification for a UPS which states that "(4.5) The system shall be such that a loss of the preferred power supply will result in a maximum power interruption to the computer of 1/4 cycle (4.2ms)."
IEEE 587
IEEE standard describing the electrical surge protection environment. Type A is a typical office and Type B is near the power entrance to a building or on the wiring feeding the building. IEEE has described test waveforms that represent the worst case surges found in each category. These waveforms are routinely used to test computers and surge suppression equipment.
IEEE 802
A standard for interconnecting LANs using the physical and data link layers of the ISO reference model. Ethernet (IEEE-802.3), token-ring (IEEE-802.5), and spanning tree bridging (IEEE-802.1).
IEEE 802.1
Spanning tree bridging.
IEEE 802.2
A standard defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for logical link control within a local area network. IEEE 802.2 is one of the standards supported by the LAN Distance product for LAN protocol software.
IEEE 802.3
The IEEE 802.3 standard, like Ethernet, uses CSMA/CD as the media access control procedure. The IEEE 802.3 standard differs from Ethernet in the manner in which messages, known as "frames," are formed. The IEEE 802.3 standard has been adopted by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), the United States Federal Government (FIPS 107), and the International Standards Organization (ISO 8802/3). Most Ethernet adapters for NetWare actually use 802.3's frame format and not Ethernet's. The IEEE 802.3 standard was first published in 1985. It incorporates the CSMA/CD access control procedure, based upon Ethernet and 10BASE5. The specification 10BASE5 is shorthand for a 10Mb/s baseband medium with a maximum segment length of 500 meters, using thick Ethernet cable at the physical layer. There have been several adaptations of this initial standard. The first adaptation was based on 10BASE2 (thin RG58 cable) and is commonly known as "Cheapernet." The most evolutionary adaptation is based on the brand new 10BASET standard (T for Telephone twisted pair). The IEEE 802.3 standard also has a broadband specification. This specification, 10BROAD36, allows for 10Mb/s broadband media with a maximum segment length of 360 meters, using standard 75ohm CATV coaxial cable. The 10Mb/s rating is maintained to stay compatible with 10BASE5's Attachment Unit Interface (AUI). In addition to the richer broadcast medium options (10BROAD36 and 1BASE5) that the 802.3 standard offers, another difference between 802.3 and Ethernet is that the IEEE 802.3 standard divides some of its functions at the data link layer, whereas Ethernet does not. The IEEE 802.3 standard splits the data link layer into the IEEE 802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC) layer and IEEE 802.3 Medium Access Control (MAC) layer. The IEEE 802.2 LLC layer is concerned with establishing, maintaining, and terminating logical links with other devices on the network. The IEEE 802.3 MAC layer is concerned with the actual media access, as in the CSMA/CD algorithm that is at work in the IEEE 802.3 MAC layer.
IEEE 802.4 TOKEN-PASSING BUS
The 802.4 (Medium Access Control specifications) standard provides definitions for 1Mb/s, 5Mb/s, and 10Mb/s transmissions using both baseband and broadband coaxial cable attachment of nodes to a medium. The token-bus uses a token to control access to the network. TThe network formed by the token-bus is a logical ring. Each node may transmit its messages, or data frames, when it has received the token. The node may transmit all of the data frames that it contains, but there is generally a time limit that prevents any one node from monopolizing the network. Furthermore, a slot time is defined as the maximum time any node must wait for a response from another node. The slot time is equal to twice the end-to-end propagation delay time of the medium. All nodes assist in error recovery and network management. An aborted frame, abort sequence, or frame abort is defined by a frame that has its SD immediately followed by an ED. A frame that is not a whole number of bytes is also rejected. See Preamble, Start Delimiter (SD), Frame Control (FC), Destination Address (DA), Source Address (SA), Data, Frame Check Sequence (FCS), End Delimiter (ED). The token-passing bus IEEE 802.4 standard is susceptible to several different types of faults. Tokens can be lost, can fail to be passed, or can be duplicated. In addition, nodes can fail or can have duplicate addresses (administrative error). The IEEE 802.4 standard defines methods of trapping and responding to each of these problem conditions. An access protocol that uses a linear-bus or star-bus network, but uses a logically configured ring to pass a token for exclusive access to the network. ARCnet, Thomas-Conrad's TCNS LAN, and General Motors' MAP networks use this access protocol. ARCnet and TCNS are proprietary and do not conform to IEEE 802.4 specifications. A token is passed from node to node until the node that wants to transmit gets the token. That node then transmits until done or until the specified time expires (whichever comes first). Provides guaranteed access to the bus at specified intervals, but more complex to manage than Ethernet.
IEEE 802.5
A standard defined by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for framing and error detection within a token-ring network. IEEE 802.5 is the framing standard used by the LAN Distance logical adapter. Originally specified 1Mbps and 4Mbps data rates over a physical layer of two 150 ohm STPs. The IEEE 802.5 standard is an outgrowth of IBM's research and development. The IEEE 802.5, or token-passing ring, is also recognized by ISO DIS 8802/5. It should be noted that IBM was, and still is, a major influence in the shaping of the IEEE 802.5 standard. The 802.5 standard includes definitions for both 1Mb/s and 4Mb/s token passing schemes using shielded twisted-pair attachment of the node to the medium, including the definition of the medium interface connector. In 1988, IBM defined a 16Mb/s shielded twisted-pair Token-Ring network in adherence with the IEEE's 802.5 standard. The new 16Mb/s Token-Ring includes an enhancement to the IEEE 802.5 standard called the Early Token Release option. The NIC drivers used with the 4Mb/s mode work with the 16Mb/s mode with no adjustment. However, all nodes on a ring need to run at the same speed-4 or 16Mb/s. Unfortunately, the production of 16Mb/s Token-Ring drivers is still in its infancy, leaving the biggest advantage of using 16Mb/s Token-Ring NICs (or TICs) as that of the larger packet sizes. Following the IEEE 802.5 standard, IBM offers a 4Mb/s card and a combination 16/4Mb/s card. When using the new 16/4 cards, it is important to use the same speed on all cards in the ring. Note that the 16/4 cards can be run in 16Mb/s mode using the Novell drivers that come with the card, although these drivers are not optimized for the 16Mb/s speed. In mid-1989, Novell released the 16/4 drivers that support the 16Mb/s speed and IBM's source routing protocol addition. Source routing is another IBM Token-Ring enhancement. With source routing, the originating node provides an explicit route to the destination node through a bridge. The benefit of source routing is intended to provide the ability for multiple virtual paths to exist between sender and receiver, which effectively increases network bandwidth. The drawback of source routing, which is debatable, is that it unnecessarily complicates Token-Ring hardware. Detractors of source routing claim it should be left out of the hardware, i.e., the data link layer, and placed in each bridge, similar to the approach with which the Xerox Network Standard (XNS) handles internetwork routing. This method is judged by some as superior to that of source routing due to the inherent distribution of network information. If a bridge specified by source routing becomes unavailable, a packet must be unnecessarily returned to its originator for resending. By leaving source routing out of the data link layer, the bridges determine the dynamic route for a packet to take. Source routing drivers allow IBM bridges to pass NetWare packets, but they do not allow NetWare bridges to pass IBM packets. The file server and all workstations need to be configured in the same manner. Therefore, to bridge between LANs in a source routing environment, the bridge must be changed from NetWare to IBM, and the drivers changed to source routing. The token is passed around the ring and, when a node needs to transmit data, it first captures a free token and then changes it to a busy token. Once it is done with that token, the node will return a free token to the network. With low network utilization, this technique is quite cumbersome, as a node that is trying to transmit must wait for the token to come back around the network. As network use increases, the token functions in a round-robin manner, thereby providing predictable performance. The IBM Token-Ring actually passes the token from node to node. While this is an effective way to propagate the signal, it is an extremely burdensome method of transmitting packets. Because of the overhead created, the transmission rate figures quoted with Token-Ring can be misleading. For example, a number of published tests over the years have shown a comparable Token-Ring LAN running at 4Mb/s is easily out performed by ARCnet running at 2.5Mb/s-albeit this comparison is between a token-passing ring and a token-passing bus. A new token is released to the network (1) once the sending node has finished its transmission, (2) once the leading edge of its transmitted frame has returned after completing one trip around the ring, and (3) when using the Early Token Release (ETR) option, once the transmitting node completes its transmission, even if it has not yet begun to receive its own transmission. If the bit length of the ring is less than the frame length, the first condition implies the second. If not, a node could release a free token after it has finished transmitting but before it receives its own busy token-the second token is not strictly necessary. If the first, but not the second condition is true, multiple frames may result, requiring fault recovery. In any case, the token guarantees that one, and only one node may transmit at any given time. The next node downstream with data to send will be able to seize the token and transmit once the current node releases a free token. See Token Ring
IESG
See Internet Engineering Steering Group.
IETF
See Internet Engineering Task Force
IGMP
Internet Group Management Protocol
IGP
See Interior Gateway Protocol.
IGP
Interior Gateway Protocol
IGRP
Internet Gateway Routing Protocol
IGS
Internet Gateway for Solaris
IIH
See Intermediate to Intermediate Hello.
IM
Incident Manager
IMA
See Interactive Multimedia Association.
IMAGE
The computerized representation of a picture or graphic.
IMAGE RESOLUTION
The fineness or coarseness of an image as it was digitized, measured in Dots Per Inch (DPI).
IMAP2
Interim Mail Access Protocol version 2
IMCO
In my considered opinion
IMHO
In my humble opinion
IMMEDIATE-ACCESS REPLY
In a token-passing ring communication system, a station normally waits for the token before sending a reply. However, an immediate reply is sent while the station sending the command is still holding the token.
IMO
In my opinion
IMP
Incident Management Plan
IMP
Integrated Multiprotocol Processor
IMPS
Interface Message Processors
IMPULSE
See Spike.
IMT
Incicent Management Team
INC
International Network of Crackers
INDEO™
Intel's compression/decompression algorithm for scalable software playback video. Indeo™ technology can record 8-, 16- or 24-bit sequences and store the sequence as 24-bit for scalability on higher power PCs. Other companies integrate it into products such as Microsoft's Video For Windows.
INDEPENDENT SOFTWARE VENDOR
(ISV) A participant in the computing industry marketplace whose primary focus is development of soft ware. A company which develops and sells application tools and/or software titles.
INDIVIDUAL COVERAGE
A feature (of the AT&T Merlin Legend system) used to answer calls for an individual co-worker either immediately when a call is received (primary) or after a delay of two rings (secondary). See Coverage and Group Coverage.
INDUSTRY STANDARD ARCHITECTURE
(ISA) This term was developed to describe the design of the 16-bit AT bus (sometimes called the classic bus) developed by IBM. The architectural standard for the IBM XT (8-bit) and the IBM AT (16-bit) bus designs. In ISA systems, an adapter is added by plugging the card into one of the 8-bit or 16-bit expansion slots.
INETDB
OS-9/Internet uses the data module inetdb to contain the Internet data files. These files are normally kept in the UNIX /etc directory. The data in these files are kept in a data module rather than in the files to allow a totally ROM-based Internet system. The idbgen utility creates inetdb from the four data files. Examples of the four files are provided in the ETC directory on the distribution disk.
INFECTED FILE
A file contaminated by a virus.
INFORMATION APPLIANCE
The dumbed down desktop computer. See Thin Client/Thick Server.
INFRARED LAN
Can be used when two locations are within a mile of each other, and it does not require an FCC license to use. Infrared can be adversely affected by fog, dense rain, snow, heavy smog, and even birds. As with microwave, infrared is point-to-point. Although it is expensive, infrared is cheaper to install and maintain than microwave. Commercially available infrared LANs are beginning to receive attention in highly mobile office environments and other areas where traditional cabling is impractical. In most cases, their transmission speeds are poor (9600 bps) compared to the speeds of other options. However, there are products being introduced promising full 10Mb/s across infrared links.
INGRES-NET
INGRES-NET Service
INITIAL DOMAIN INDICATOR
Initial Domain Identified In OSI, the IDI specifies the network addressing domain from which the values of the DSP are allocated and the network addressing authority responsible for allocating values of the DSP from that domain. For example, 0005 designates the US government as established by NIST.
INITIAL PROGRAM LOAD
A command used to restart a host computer or a host virtual machine. Similar to reboot on a personal computer.
INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERS
(IEEE) A U.S. trade association which forms standardization committees. For example, the IEEE 802 committee was formed for the purpose of standardizing Local Area Networks. It provides physical, Medium Access Control, and Logical Link Control standards for interoperability between competing vendor devices.
INTAP
See Interoperability Technology Association for Information Processing.
INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS
(IDE) A later drive design that incorporated an embedded controller on a smaller (3 ½-inch) disk drive. IDE drives can be connected together, but the second drive must be a slave of the first, using the primary disk controller and not its own embedded controller. This type of drive is interfaced to a computer bus with an IDE host adapter, not a controller.
INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK
(ISDN) The telephone network turned all-digital. It is a type of telephone service in which voice, data, and video information is digitized and transmitted at high speed over a single, public switched network. With ISDN, existing switches and wires (in most cases) are upgraded so that the basic "call" is a 64 Kbps end-to-end channel. ISDN comes in two basic flavors: Basic Rate Interface (or BRI) and Primary Rate Interface (or PRI). See also Basic Rate Interface and Primary Rate Interface.
INTER EXCHANGE CARRIER
Also referred to as IEC or IXC. Any common carrier authorized by the FCC to carry customer transmissions between LATA's. AT&T, MCI, and Sprint are examples of Inter eXchange Carriers.
INTER-INTEGRATED CIRCUIT BUS
Developed by Phillips and allows communication data over a twisted pair between, for example, processors in a multiprocessor system. The bus can operate at data rates up to 100KHz over bus lengths of 12 feet or more.
INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA ASSOCIATION
Formed in 1991 (rooted in IVIA, Interactive Video Industry Association), an industry association chartered with creating and maintaining standard specifications for multimedia systems.
INTERACTIVE VIDEO
The fusion of video and computer technology. A video program and a computer program running in tandem under the control of the user. In interactive video, the user's actions, choices, and decisions affect the way in which the program unfolds.
INTERFACE
1. The user interface, where people communicate with the software through commands and other devices. 2. The connections in software that allow an application to work with the operating system, or that allow the operating system to work with the hardware. 3. The hardware cards, plugs, and other devices used to move data from place to place. The physical connection to the router uses to connect to a network or a line.
INTERFRAME CODING
Compression techniques which track the differences between frames of video. Results in more compression over a range of frames than intraframe coding.
INTERIOR GATEWAY PROTOCOL
(IGP) A generic term that applies to interior routing protocols, such as RIP and OSPF.
INTERLACE
Scheme to display a video image by displaying alternate scan lines in two discrete fields.
INTERLACED SCANNING
For standard video cameras; two consecutive fields per frame; 262.5 horizontal lines per field; fields offset to provide frame resolution of 525 lines.
INTERLEAVED 2 OF 5
A symbology in which characters are paired together using bars to represent odd number characters and spaces to represent even number characters.
INTERMEDIATE SYSTEM
(router) An OSI reference to a system that supports the routing function of the network layer service. There are two levels of IS: 1 and 2.
INTERMEDIATE SYSTEM HELLO
An IS originated packet to an ES.
INTERMEDIATE SYSTEM TO INTERMEDIATE SYSTEM PROTOCOL
(IS-IS) Intermediate system to Intermediate system protocol. The OSI protocol by which intermediate systems exchange routing information.
INTERMEDIATE TO INTERMEDIATE HELLO
An OSI hello message distributed between ISs. This allows an IS to determine the existence of other ISs to establish adjacencies.
INTERNAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NETWORK LAYER
(IONL) The OSI standard for the detailed architecture of the Network Layer. Basically, it partitions the Network layer into subnetworks interconnected by convergence protocols (equivalent to internetworking protocols), creating what Internet calls a catenet or internet.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION
(ISO) A world-wide standards organization based in Geneva, Switzerland. The United States has representation in ISO through ANSI, and ISO standards are sometimes included in international treaties or trade agreements to provide worldwide interoperability of computing and data communications systems. ISO often cites IEEE, ANSI, and CCITT standards for specifications. ISO is responsible for the OSI model. See Open Systems Interconnection Model.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS ORGANIZATION OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION MODEL
Standardizes levels of services and types of interaction for exchanging data through a communications network. The model separates computer-to-computer communications into seven layers: the application layer, data-link layer, net work layer, physical layer, presentation layer, session layer, and transport layer.
INTERNET (CAPITALIZED)
Internet refers specifically to the DARPA Internet and the TCP/IP protocols it uses. The Internet is the collection of networks and routers (including the ARPANET, MILNET, and NFSnet) that uses the TCP/IP protocol suite and functions as a single, cooperative virtual network. The Internet provides universal connectivity and three levels of network services: unverified, connectionless packet delivery; reliable, full-duplex stream delivery; and application-level services such as electronic mail. To be on the Internet you must have IP connectivity, i.e., be able to Telnet to--or ping--other systems. Networks with only e-mail connectivity are not actually classified as being on the Internet. See internet.
INTERNET (NOT CAPITALIZED)
Physically, a collection of packet-switching networks connected by routers along with protocols that let them function logically as a single, large, virtual network. See Internet.
INTERNET ACTIVITIES BOARD
(IAB) The technical body that oversees the development of the Internet suite of protocols (commonly referred to as "TCP/IP"). It has two task forces (the IRTF and the IETF) each charged with investigating a particular area.
INTERNET ADDRESS
A 32-bit address assigned to hosts using TCP/IP. See dotted decimal notation.
INTERNET CONTROL MESSAGE PROTOCOL
(ICMP) An integral part of the Internet Protocol (IP) that handles error and control messages. ICMP messages are incorporated into the data field of an IP packet. Specifically, gateways and hosts use ICMP to send reports of problems about datagrams back to the original datagram source. ICMP also includes an echo request/reply used to test whether a destination is reachable and responding.
INTERNET ENGINEERING STEERING GROUP
The executive committee of the IETF.
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE
(IETF) One of the task forces of the IAB. The IETF is responsible for solving short-term engineering needs of the Internet. It has over 40 Working Groups.
INTERNET OUTDIAL
A modem connected to the Internet than you can use to dial out. Normal outdials will only call local numbers. A GOD (Global OutDial) is capable of calling long distance. Outdials are an inexpensive method of calling long distance BBS's.
INTERNET PROTOCOL
The standard network-layerprotocol that provides connectionless, unreliable datagram delivery. It is "connectionless" because all prackets are transmitted independently of other packets. It is "unreliable" because packet delivery is not guaranteed. It provides routing services across multiple LANs and WANs. IP packet format is used to address packets of data from ultimate source and destination nodes (host) located on any LAN or WAN networked with TCP/IP protocol. IP provides routing services in conjunction with IP routers, which are incorporated into many computer systems and most versions of UNIX. IP is a 'routable' protocol, based on XNS packet format and is identified by the type 800 designation in the 'type' field of an XNS packet. It is quite similar to an IPX packet (XNS packet, designated by type 17). An IP packet has information fields, which identify the host address that includes the network number and node address that uniquely identifies both the source and destination host computers, and provides the same functionality of the OSI Network layer in the OSI model. IP packet format is supported in NetWare 3.11 and 4.0 operating systems, and is used throughout the Internet. Also see TCP/IP, IPX, OSI Model, router, IP Address, and protocol.
INTERNET RESEARCH TASK FORCE
(IRTF) One of the task forces of the IAB. The group responsible for research and development of the Internet protocol suite.
INTERNETWORK
An interconnected group of networks. A network of LANs and WANs linked together through bridges and/or routers. Each individual LAN or WAN is identified with a network address (network number). See internet (not capitalized)
INTERNETWORK DATAGRAM PROTOCOL
Initial Domain Part. A part of the OSI NSAP address that consists of the AFI and the IDI.
INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE
(IPX) A network protocol developed by Novell to address packets of data from ultimate source and destination nodes located on any LAN networked with NetWare, and to provide routing services in conjunction with NetWare (and third-party) routers. IPX is a 'routable' protocol based on XNS packet format, and is identified by the type 17 designation in the 'type' field of an XNS packet. It is quite similar to an IP packet (XNS packet, designated by type 800). An IPX packet has information fields that identify the network address, node address, and socket address of both the source and destination, and provides the same functionality of the OSI Network layer in the OSI model. (Also see Internetwork Protocol, router, and protocol.) Dedicated IPX on a DOS workstation allows network clients to communicate with NetWare servers via a single protocol. In a typical DOS IPX installation, a client uses a LAN adapter and a dedicated IPX driver to connect to the network, employing the IPX protocol to communicate with the NetWare server. On the server side, another LAN adapter receives the data, configured for the IPX protocol, and processes the incoming information. Communication goes back and forth between these two entities along this single channel using only the IPX protocol. This works well if all the server has to handle are DOS and OS/2 clients using only the IPX protocol. But networks are getting more and more complex, network managers now need to tie in more and more disparate client types and protocol stacks on one server. What if you need to network DOS, AppleTalk and UNIX? This could not be done under the old Dedicated IPX architecture.
INTERNETWORK PACKET EXCHANGE/SEQUENCED PACKET EXCHANGE PROTOCOL
The Novell communications protocol for transmitting data packets on a LAN installed with NetWare.
INTEROPERABILITY
Compatibility, or the capability for equipment (usually manufactured by competing vendors) to work together. Industry standards (or de facto standards) are agreed upon or used by vendors to make their equipment work with other vendors' equipment.
INTEROPERABILITY TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION FOR INFORMATION PROCESSING
(INTAP) The technical organization which has the official charter to develop Japanese OSI profiles and conformance tests.
INTERPOLATION
The process of averaging pixel information when scaling an image. When the size of an image is reduced, pixels are averaged to create a single new pixel; when an image is scaled up in size, additional pixels are created by averaging pixels of the smaller image.
INTERRUPT
A request-for-attention signal sent by either hardware or software to the CPU that causes the CPU to suspend some operations and transfer control to an interrupt handler (designated, for example, as Int 13). For the 80X86 family, software interrupts are in the rangs 0 to 255, or 0x00 to 0xFF expressed in hex.
INTERRUPT REQUEST LEVEL
See Interrupt Request Lines.
INTERRUPT REQUEST LINES
Also called Interrupt Request Level. Hardware lines over which I/O devices, keyboards, and disk drives can send interrupts to the CPU. The IRQs are built into the hardware, with preassigned priority levels. Each device that sends an interrupt to the processor must use a different IRQ.
INVOKEID
(For a Telephony Services Driver Interface) The invokeID is a value that is used for pairing request-response messages. The PBX Driver will receive an invokeID in each request message, and this value should be passed back unchanged in the DC block of any response message. The invokeID is undefined for requests or events that originated from the PBX Driver.
IOBASE-FL
See Fiber Optic
IOBASE-T
See Twisted Pair
IOBASE2
See Thin Coax
IOBASE5
See Thickwire
IOC
Inter-Office Channel
IONL
See Internal Organization of the Network Layer.
IOW
In other words
IP
Intellectual Property
IP
See Internet Protocol.
IP ADDRESS
Internet Protocol address - Network address + Host (node) address.
Class A = 1 byte network address and 3 byte host address
Class B = 2 byte network and 2 byte host
Class C = 3 byte network and 1 byte host
Host names may also be used for addressing purposes by associating a domain, sub-domain, and unique host name to each IP address. Host names are assigned to IP addresses via a file on each node, or by a centralized name server. The Internet Protocol address is a network level (level three of the OSI networking reference model) address assigned to each system in a TCP/IP network. It is four bytes long. See Internet Protocol.
IP DATAGRAM
The basic unit of information passed across an internet using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). An IP datagram is divided into a header area and a data area. The datagram header contains the source and destination Internet Protocol address and a type field identifying the datagram's contents. A packet containing IP control information that is exchanged between network entities.
IP HOST ADDRESS
An IP host address is a part of the four-byte IP address. The IP address can be divided into two logical parts: an IP network address and a local host address. The IP host address is unique for every node on a single network.
IP NETWORK ADDRESS
An IP network address is a part of the four-byte IP address. The IP address can be divided into two logical parts: an IP network address and a local host address. The IP network address is the same for every node on a single network. The IP network address facilitates routing between Internet networks.
IP-ARC
Internet Protocol on ARCNET
IP-ARPA
Internet Protocol on ARPANET
IP-DC
Internet Protocol on DC Networks
IP-DVMRP
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
IP-E
Internet Protocol on Ethernet Networks
IP-EE
Internet Protocol on Exp. Ethernet Nets
IP-FDDI
Transmission of IP over FDDI
IP-HC
Internet Protocol on Hyperchannnel
IP-IEEE
Internet Protocol on IEEE 802
IP-IPX
Transmission of 802.2 over IPX Networks
IP-MTU
IP MTU Discovery Options
IP-NETBIOS
Internet Protocol Datagrams over NetBIOS Networks
IP-SLIP
Transmission of IP over Serial Lines
IP-WB
Internet Protocol on Wideband Network
IP-X25
Internet Protocol on X.25 Networks
IPC
Interprocess Communications Protocol
IPCU
Internet Packet Core Utility
IPL
See Initial Program Load.
IPPC
Internet Pluribus Packet Core
IPX
Internetwork Packet Exchange. Also called Internet Packet Exchange. See The Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol.
IPX/SPX
See The Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol.
IR
See Infrared.
IR
Internet Router
IRQ
See Interrupt Request Lines.
IRRITAINMENT
Annoying entertainment and media spectacles you're unable to stop watching. Example: The O.J. trial.
IRTF
See Internet Research Task Force
IRTP
Internet Reliable Transaction Protocol
IS
See Intermediate System. See Designated Router.
IS-IS
See Intermediate System to Intermediate System Protocol
ISA
See Industry Standard Architecture.
ISBX
An expansion bus/connector found on some advanced I/O cards. For use with iSBX expansion modules.
ISDN
See Integrated Services Digital Network
ISDN TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
The equipment that is attached to the end of the ISDN line.
ISDN TERMINAL EQUIPMENT TYPE 1
ISDN terminal equipment designed to interface directly to the S/T interface.
ISDN TERMINAL EQUIPMENT TYPE 2
Any equipment that has the ability to interface to the S/T interface for control/communications purposes via an ISDN terminal adapter.
ISH
See Intermediate System Hello.
ISI-GL
ISI Graphics Language Protocol
ISO
See International Standards Organization.
ISO 1000
Standard International (SI) units and recommendation for use of their multiples and certain other units.
ISO 286-1
ISO system of limits and fits - Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits.
ISO 288-2
ISO system of limits and fits - Part 2: Tables of standard tolerance grades and limit deviations for holes and shafts.
ISO DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
(ISODE) A popular implementation of the upper layers of OSI. Pronounced eye-so-dee-eee.
ISO-TP4
ISO Transport Protocol Class 4
ISO/OSI MODEL
See International Standards Organization Open Systems Interconnection model.
ISODE
See ISO Development Environment
ISV
See Independent Software Vendor.
ISVYVU9
Recording format for decompressed Indeo™ video technology using VidCap under Microsoft's Video For Windows.
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
ITU-TSS
International Telegraphic Union Telecommunications Standards Sector, the replacement organization for the CCITT.
IVHS
Intelligent Vehicle Highway System
IVR
Interactive Voice Response
IX
Interexchange
IXC
See Inter Exchange Carrier.